Pseudostings as defensive weapons: male scoliid wasps fight back against frogs

December 22, 2025

Most amphibians have broad generalist diets, so what would a frog not eat? Sugiura and Kohei (2025) recently used the Japanese treefrog (Hyla (Dryophytes) japonicus) as a model predator to examine whether the pseudostings of male scoliid wasps function as an antipredator defense. These structures…